Sustainable development

According to the Brundtland Report (1987), where this concept was formulated for the first time, the “Sustainable Development is the development that satisfies the necessities of the present, without committing the capacity of the future generations to assist its own necessities.”

10 Hannover principles

The 10 Hanove principles are valid in any facet of a human creation, and it defends that the design, the construction and the industrial production can stay inside the processes of the nature, using totally innocuous, more pleasant and more efficient materials, and producing goods without generating residuals or toxic elements that degrade the environment. (William McDonough & Partners)

The humanity and the nature should coexist.
The human design interacts with the natural world.
To respects existing connections and changing between it brings back to consciousness spiritual and material.
To accepts the responsibility.
To create secure objects and with long term value.
To eliminates the residual concept.
To trusts the natural flows of energy.
To understands the limitations of the design.
To foment the communication.

The pillars of the sustainable development and their common zones.

Spanish Sustainable Development strategy (EEDS) 2007

The Spanish state outlines the Spanish Sustainable Development Strategy with a long term horizon. This strategy is framed inside the Strategy of Sustainable Development of the UE (EDS).

Environmental Sustainable
1. Production and consumption	To increase the saving and the efficiency in the use of the resources in all the sectors. To prevent the contamination, to reduce the generation of residuals and to foment the reutilization and the recycle of those generated.. To improve the quality of the air, especially in urban areas. To optimize energy and environmentally the necessities of people's mobility and the flows of goods. To revalue the tourist system in sustainability key.
2. The climatic change	To reduce the emissions through: a) a bigger weight of the renewable energy in the energy mix, b) an improvement of the energy efficiency in transport and construction, c) sectorial measures, d) market instruments. To integrate the adaptation to the climatic change in the economic sectors planning.
3. Conservation and administration of the natural resources and ordination of the territory	To assure the environmental sustainability and the quality of the hydric resource guaranteeing the supply to the population and the productive and sustainable use of the same one. To brake the biodiversity loss and the natural patrimony, through the conservation, restoration and appropriate administration, compatible with a production environmentally sustainable of the natural resources. To promote a sustainable and territorial balanced and urban development, promoting in particular, the sustainable development in the rural means.

Social Sustainability
To use, social cohesion and poverty	To foment the access to an employment of quality. To support the social integration of the communities in exclusion risk. To promote the assignment from some minimal economic resources to people under conditions of poverty.
Public health and dependence	To foment a healthy with quality of life society. To assist people in dependence situation.

Global Sustainability

International cooperation for the sustainable development

To increase the Official Help to the Development (AOD) until reaching the objective of 0,7% in 2012, with the intermediate objective of 0,5% in 2008.
To increase the effectiveness, coherence and quality of the Spanish cooperation politics.
To integrate the focus fight multidimensional against the poverty, incorporating the environment sustainability in the international cooperation Spanish politics, transforming into an objective of multilateral and bilateral of cooperation for the development.

Estrategia de Desarrollo Sostenible de la UE (EDS / SDS)

EDS centra su atención en la calidad de vida, la equidad entre generaciones y la coherencia de todas las políticas.

Principles

Promotion and protection of the fundamental rights.
Solidarity intra and intergenerational.
Open and democratic society.
To increase the civic understanding to impel their participation in the taking of decisions.
To increase the social responsibility of the companies and to foment the cooperation among the public sector and private.
Coherence among the politicians of the UE and among the actions to all the scales (local, regional, national).
Integration of the economic, social and environmental politicians (balanced evaluation of the impact).
To use the best available knowledge to develop the politicians.
Principle of caution: preventive measures to avoid damages to the public health or the environment in the event of reasonable doubts.
“The one that contaminates pay”: the prices must reflect the real cost of the consumption activities and production.

Key objectives

Environmental protection: to break the correlation between economic growth and environmental damages.
Social equality and cohesion: to build a democratic society with equal opportunities for all.
Economic prosperity, with full employment and positions of worthy work.
Execution of the international responsibilities: to collaborate with the diverse international partners, and mainly with the developing countries, to achieve a sustainable growth in the entire world.

Industrial ecology

The Industrial Ecology is the pattern of productive activity that contributes to the attainment of the Sustainable Development. In this model the biosphere should be able to replace the consumption of raw material and energy, and of assimilating the emissions of residuals generated by the industry.

For it, it should be outlined that the natural groups or ecosystems are similar to the industrial systems. Both of them are a group of entities that exchange energy, matter and information among them and their environment.

The industrial ecology is based in three strategies:

Ecoefficiency – dematerialization, efficiency of materials and of energy.
Environmental administration of the companies.
Ecoindustrial park or Sustainable Industrial Systems.

They are industrial areas where the flows of material entrance, and the energy and the flows of exit of residuals, are reduced drastically. The key is in to analyze those flows and to find interaction possibilities. For example, a thermal power station can produce residual thermal energy that can be taken advantage of by a company of smaller size.

Some of the ecoindustrial parks are completely operative. The most representative example is the one of Kalundborg in Denmark.